Veenendaal

A small number of Jews settled in Veenendaal during the middle of the 17th century. At first, the Jews of Veenendaal prayed together in the house of one of their numbers, the leaseholder of the local lending bank.

By the first half of the 18th century, the Jewish population of Veenendaal had risen to the point that an organized Jewish community could be formed. The newly-founded community soon opened a small synagogue, located outside the village. In 1761, the Jews of Veenendaal obtained the right to bury their dead at the Jewish cemetery at Wageningen. A feud between two families led to a split in the Veenendaal community that was resolved in 1793 through the intervention of the town council of Rhenen. A few years later, the community at Veenendaal hired a rabbi of its own.

With the reapportionment of Jewish communities in the Netherlands in 1821, the community at Veenendaal was recognized as a Ringsynagoge or regional community under the aegis of the Jewish community at Amersfoort. The Jewish population at Veenendaal grew throughout the early- and mid-19th-century and reached its peak during the late 1860s. The size of the community declined as the century progressed, in part to do a large number of mixed marriages.

In 1852, the Veenendaal community built a new synagogue located on the Verlaat. The synagogue remained in use until the Second World War. The community established a cemetery of its own on the Parallelweg in 1900. At the outset of the 20th century, the community was governed by a board consisting of three members. The Veenendaal community's only voluntary organization, a women's society, was established in 1901. At the time, Jewish children of Veenendaal received their religious education from a teacher based in Amersfoort. The textile factory Veenendaalse Stoom Weverij, owned by the Jewish Bottenheim family, was an important force in the economic development of Veenendaal during the period. Jews were also active in local government.

During the World War II German occupation of the Netherlands, the Jews of Veenendaal suffered the same lot as Jews throughout the Netherlands. The majority of the Jews of Veenendaal were deported and murdered although a few local Jews did manage to survive the war in hiding. Approximately 100 other Jews, mostly from Amsterdam, also found hiding places in the surroundings of Veenendaal. During the war, the Germans vandalized the Veenendaal synagogue and stole or destroyed most of its Torah scrolls and ceremonial objects; however, three Torah scrolls that had been taken to Amsterdam and hidden were recovered after the war.

The Jewish community at Veenendaal was officially disbanded in 1951 and the locale placed within the boundaries of the Jewish community at Utrecht. The synagogue was sold soon after the war and was razed in 1967. The Jewish cemetery currently is maintained by the local authorities. The house for the ritual preparation of the dead at the cemetery was restored in 1990. A plaque unveiled in 1988 at the Keermuur near the Duivenwal commemorates the former Jewish community at Veenendaal.

Jewish population of Veenendaal: 

1809	58
1840	71
1869	101
1899	43
1930	19

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Collectie en mediatheek

 Fotoalbum  
Twee losbladige fotoalbums met 148 kleurenfoto's van joodse
begraafplaatsen in Nederland, jaren '80.
Collectie > Fotos > 40006664

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 Dossier  
Dossiers (158) van de Commissie voor Oorlogsschade mbt 155 joodse
gemeentes (Amsterdam en mediene), 1945-1950.
Collectie > Documenten > B0005954

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 Vrije tekening  1942
heideveldje met bomen, op de voorgrond een boomstronk.
Collectie > Museumstukken > 10977

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 [Binnenland] : Venendaal  1895
NL van Essen is gekozen tot lid van de kerkenraad te Veenendaal.
Collectie > Joodse pers > 20041659

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 Joods leven in Veenendaal : restanten van een gemeenschap (deel 1)  1979
Joods leven in Veenendaal : restanten van een gemeenschap (deel 1).
Collectie > Literatuur > 11000471

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 [interview met Dina Goldschmidt-Klein]  2009
Dina Goldschmidt-Klein was na de oorlog wees en woonde op vele plaatsen. In de jaren
'50 werd ze opgenomen in het orthodoxe gezin Koetser in Veenendaal. Twee gezinnen ...
Collectie > Audiovisueel > 40002068