Hengelo (O)
Jews lived in Hengelo from the first half of the eighteenth
century onward. The names of several Jewish families appear in a
municipal birth register dating from the late 1730's. It is also
known that a Jewish teacher lived in Hengelo during the 1740's. A
Jewish cemetery was opened on the Dennebosweg in Hengelo in 1775.
By 1813, the majority of Jews living in Hengelo were merchants,
shopkeepers, and peddlers. Their average standard of living was not
high.
The Jewish community at Hengelo was declared
independent in about 1830. Religious services initially were held
in a private home. In 1837, a wooden synagogue was built and
consecrated in the Jansenstraat. In 1848, the wooden synagogue was
replaced with one built of stone together with an attached school
and ritual bath. At the time, the Hengelo community's synagogue
council consisted of seven members. Voluntary organizations
included a women's society, burial society, a charity fellowship,
and a council for aid to the poor.
By 1883, the Jewish population of Hengelo had grown to the point
that the community constructed a new synagogue on the Marktstraat.
During the closing decades of the nineteenth century and the first
decade of the twentieth, the Jewish population of Hengelo went on
to double. A theater society and Jewish youth organization were
founded and Zionist activities began.
With the rise of industrialization, Jews played an important role
in the development of the textile industry in Hengelo and the
surrounding Twente region. In 1912, S. P. De Jong and the Van Dam
brothers opened the Eerste Nederlandse Kantfabriek (First
Netherlands Lace Factory) at Hengelo.
During the
1930's, a large number of Jewish refugees from Germany arrived in
Hengelo. This caused the Jewish population of Hengelo to reach its
zenith just prior to the outset of the German occupation of the
Netherlands during the Second World War. In August, 1941, the
Hengelo synagogue was vandalized and damaged by the Germans and by
Dutch members of the collaborationist NSB party. The contents of
the synagogue had been removed and hidden beforehand. The first
round-up of Jews for deportation from Hengelo took place in
September, 1941. Large scale deportations from Hengelo continued
from the summer of 1942 on, in pace of the deportation of Jews from
throughout the Netherlands. In all, more than half the Jews of
Hengelo were deported; only a few returned alive. Many Jews were
able to go into hiding in the surroundings of Hengelo.
Jewish life in Hengelo resumed after the war. The synagogue was
repaired and was consecrated anew in 1951. In 1960, it was razed as
part of the urban renewal of downtown Hengelo. A new synagogue was
built on the Dorpsmatenstraat in 1966.
Jewish population of Hengelo (Overijssel):
| 1809 | 46 |
| 1840 | 37 |
| 1869 | 49 |
| 1899 | 162 |
| 1930 | 247 |
| 1951 | 86 |
| 1971 | 70 |
| 1998 | 32 |
Collectie en mediatheek
Dossier
Dossiers (158) van de Commissie voor Oorlogsschade mbt 155 joodse
gemeentes (Amsterdam en mediene), 1945-1950.
Collectie > Documenten > 00005954
meer treffers in Collectie > Documenten
Overzichtsfoto
1984
Synagoge in de Dorpsmatenstraat te Hengelo (O.), 1984.
Collectie > Fotos > 40002780
meer treffers in Collectie > Fotos
Zitting der Centrale Commissie op Woensdag 18 Juni 1879.
Verslag van een vergadering van de Centrale Commissie.
Collectie > Joodse pers > 20029840
meer treffers in Collectie > Joodse pers
Herinneringen : de joodse gemeente Hengelo (O) besproken door een Gazzen (voorganger...
1985
Herinneringen : de joodse gemeente Hengelo (O) besproken door een Gazzen
(voorganger-voorzanger), leider (lijder) op 87-jarige leeftijd.
Collectie > Literatuur > 11501662
meer treffers in Collectie > Literatuur
Joods-zionistische jeugdbewegingen in Nederland
1997
Documentaire over de hedendaagse zionistische
jeugdorganisaties Bne Akiwa en Haboniem in Nederland.
Collectie > Audiovisueel > 40000965
