Hardenberg
The
first Jew to settle in Hardenberg, one Israel Emanuel, arrived in
the early years of the eighteenth century; he was also was the
first to be buried at the local Jewish cemetery, Het
Jodenbergje (The Jews' Hill). During the 1760's and 1780's
barriers were placed in the way of Jews seeking to settle in
Hardenberg. Nevertheless, the Jewish population of the town
continued to grow.
Hardenberg was recognized as an independent Jewish community in
1824; prior to then it had been under the aegis of the Jewish
community of Deventer. In 1855, the Hardenberg
community consecrated its first synagogue, located on the
Oosteinde. In 1903, the synagogue was moved to another building on
the same street. The cemetery Het Jodenbergje ceased to be
used at the end of the nineteenth century. A new cemetery was
opened on the Gramsbergerweg in 1901.
During the second half of the nineteenth century, Jewish voluntary
organizations in Hardenberg included the synagogue council, a study
fellowship, a women's society, and a burial society. By the 1930's,
the community also boasted a tennis club, business club, and choral
and theater societies. The Hardenberg community's religious teacher
was also its cantor and ritual slaughter and served other
communities in the surroundings as well.
The Jews of Hardenberg worked as kosher slaughterers, tailors,
clothing merchants, printers, and retailers. Community member R.E.
de Bruin owned a printing plant and was the publisher of the local
newspaper De Vechtstreek. He also played a prominent role
in public life.
During the German occupation of the Netherlands in the Second World
War, the Jews of Hardenberg suffered the same lot as Jews
throughout the country. In 1942 and 1943, almost all were deported
via transit camps in the Netherlands to Nazi death camps in Poland.
Only a few returned alive or escaped deportation by going into
hiding.
The Jewish community of Hardenberg was offically dissolved in 1947
and merged into that of Almelo. The synagogue was sold in
1948 and in 1980, despite protests, razed. In 1987, the municipal
renamed a square in the neighborhood of the former synagogue after
Israël Emanuel, the first Jew to settle in Hardenberg. By mid-2005,
a stone commemorating the former synagogue will have been installed
near the site where it had stood.
The Surroundings
From the beginning of the nineteenth century on, a single Jewish
family lived in Gramsbergen, several kilometers north of
Hardenberg. The family made use of Jewish facilities in
Hardenberg.
In 2000, in nearby Collendoorn, a monument was unveiled at the site
of the World War II Molengoot labor camp which had included among
its inmates a number of Jewish prisoners.
On 20 April 2005, a memorial stone was reveiled, in the town
center of Hardenberg, in the vicinity of the former
synagogue.
Jewish population of Hardenberg and surroundings:
| 1809 | 19 |
| 1840 | 37 |
| 1869 | 77 |
| 1930 | 29 |
Collectie en mediatheek
Dossier
Dossiers (158) van de Commissie voor Oorlogsschade mbt 155 joodse
gemeentes (Amsterdam en mediene), 1945-1950.
Collectie > Documenten > 00005954
meer treffers in Collectie > Documenten
Begraafplaats Hardenberg
1959
begraafplaats met grafstenen tussen bomen en struikgewas, in donkere herfsttinten.
Collectie > Museumstukken > 00476
Overzichtsfoto
1980 (ca.)
Joodse begraafplaats Hardenberg, circa 1980.
Collectie > Fotos > 40002410
Verslag van de handelingen der permanente commissie, van Juni 1878 tot Juni 1879.
1879
Jaarverslag van de Permanente Commissie. Dit deel behandelt nieuwe gemeenten, bouw
en herstel van synagogen, godsdienst-onderwijs en mohel-examens.
Collectie > Joodse pers > 20029922
meer treffers in Collectie > Joodse pers
Joodse onderduikers bij de familie Huisman (fam. Frank uit Hardenberg)
1992
Joodse onderduikers bij de familie Huisman (fam. Frank uit Hardenberg).
Collectie > Literatuur > 11000791
