Borne
The village of Borne is one of the first places in the province
of Twente where Jews settled. Indeed, there is mention of Jewish
residents in Borne as early as 1695.
By 1817, the Jewish community of Borne was had achieved
independent status. Under the hierarchy of communities established
in1821 by the Nederlands Israëlitisch Kerkgenootschap (the central
consistory of Dutch Jewry), however, the Borne community became
part of the Bijkerk (subsidiary community) of the town of Goor. In 1838, due to the
growth of its population, the Borne community was awarded the
semi-independent status of Kerkelijke Bijeenkomst.
By the middle of the eighteenth century, the Jews of Borne
maintained their own cemetery in the nearby village of Buren. In
1848, the growth of the community led to the establishment of a
second cemetery, this within the boundaries of Borne itself.
The Borne synagogue was built in 1842
and, according an inscription on its façade, was consecrated one
year later. Communal organizations included a society for the study
of Torah, which also served as a burial society, and a women's
society that maintained the interior of the synagogue and its
appurtenances. In 1897, the community constructed a building to
house its Jewish school.
The growth of Borne can largely be attributed to the Jewish family
Spanjaard, which developed a flourishing textile factory in the
village. By 1910, however, the growth of the Jewish community had
peaked and its numbers began slowly to decline.
In November, 1942, most of the Jews of Borne were deported to
Germany, from whence only a few returned alive. A few of the
members of the Borne community managed to survive the war in
hiding. The Borne community's synagogue, ritual bath, and Jewish
school were badly damaged during the war by members of the Dutch
Nazi Party (NSB) who were quartered there. Valuables belonging to
the synagogue had been moved to a bank in the city of Hengelo but
were lost during a bombardment in 1945.
After the war, the synagogue was partial restored and subsequently
served other functions. In 1985, the Borne Synagogue Foundation
completed a full restoration of the former synagogue, ritual bath,
school, and teachers' quarters. The buildings are now used for
cultural activities. During the post-war period another former
Jewish school building, located on the Oude Kerkstraat, was used as
a butcher's store and then as a storage place. The building was
razed in 1998 but under the proviso that it be rebuilt in its
original form. Rebuilding was commenced in 2003. When completed,
the building will serve as a private residence.
The older of the Borne community's two cemeteries
was cleared in 1960. The remains of the dead were re-interred in
the second cemetery, located on the Prins Hendrikweg near the
Twijnderstraat. The cemetery has been awarded monument protection
status and is maintained by the local government. A plaque in the
cemetery and a monument in the village commemorate the murdered
Jews of Borne. The Jewish community of Borne was merged into that
of Hengelo in
1964.
Jewish population of Borne:
| 1809 | 20 |
| 1840 | 48 |
| 1869 | 100 |
| 1899 | 159 |
| 1930 | 93 |
Collectie en mediatheek
[Berith Salom]
object, penning. titel, [Berith Salom]. maker, onbekend. materiaal, metaal &
koperlegering. hoogte, 0.3. diepte, ø 4.0. collectie, Joods Historisch ...
Collectie > Museumstukken > 07991
meer treffers in Collectie > Museumstukken
Dossier
Dossiers (158) van de Commissie voor Oorlogsschade mbt 155 joodse
gemeentes (Amsterdam en mediene), 1945-1950.
Collectie > Documenten > 00005954
meer treffers in Collectie > Documenten
Portretfoto
1900 (ca.)
Portret van een mannelijk familielid van de fam. Spanjaard, circa 1900.
Collectie > Fotos > 40000442
meer treffers in Collectie > Fotos
Centraal Israel. Weeshuis
1882
Vermelding van ingekomen giften in december 1881.
Collectie > Joodse pers > 20030394
meer treffers in Collectie > Joodse pers
Fabriqueurs en fabrikanten in Twente (1800-1970)
1985
Fabriqueurs en fabrikanten in Twente (1800-1970).
Collectie > Literatuur > 11000211
meer treffers in Collectie > Literatuur
De god van Borne
Portret van Jacob Spanjaard, de Twentse textielfabrikant.
Collectie > Audiovisueel > 40000012
Het spoor terug : de mediene in Twente
Deel 4 van een 5-delige serie over het joodse leven in de mediene voor de Tweede
Wereldoorlog. In deze uitzending gaat het over Twente.
Collectie > Audiovisueel > 10000379
