Eindhoven
Despite the granting of occasional exceptions, prior to 1771 it
was forbidden for Jews to spend the night or reside in Eindoven.
Thus, beginning in the mid-eighteenth century, Jews began to settle
in towns and villages in the surroundings of Eindhoven rather than
in the city itself. The nearby town of Helmond and village of
Tongelre each had synagogues in private homes as well their own
Jewish cemeteries. A Jewish cemetery was established in the village
of Woensel in 1747.
In 1772, the council of Prince Willem V ordered the city fathers of
Eindhoven to admit Jews and protect their interests and cease
discriminating against them. Nevertheless, prior the introduction
of full civil liberties throughout the Netherlands in 1796,
obstacles continued to be placed in the way of Jews establishing
themselves in Eindhoven.
By the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Jews of Eindhoven
had opened their own synagogue and school. A synagogue was also
opened in a private home in the nearby village of Stratum. By 1810,
a donation from King Louis Napoleon helped make possible the razing
of the Eindhoven synagogue and the construction of a larger
sanctuary on its site. The synagogue in Stratum was subsequently
closed.
After 1850, the Jewish population of Eindhoven grew rapidly and the
city became the seat of the chief rabbinate of the province of
North Brabant. Once again, the Eindhoven synagogue proved to be too
small and, in 1866, a new synagogue was constructed adjacent to the
old one. The old synagogue was renovated and converted into a
school building.
Many of the Jews of Eindhoven were poor and relied on support from
a local council for the poor which, in turn, received its funding
from the Jewish community. In 1907, the community established a
lending fund. Other community institutions in Eindhoven included a
burial society, a society for aiding refugees, a society for Torah
study, and a number of women's societies. A theater society and a
youth club were established early in the twentieth century. By the
1930's, two Zionist groups were active in Eindhoven.
Most of the Jews of Eindhoven worked as butchers, cattle dealers,
shopkeepers, and hawkers. At the start of the twentieth century,
several Jewish families played important roles in the rise of
industry in the city. These included the Elias family,
manufacturers of textiles.
During the 1930's, Eindhoven absorbed a large number of Jewish
refugees from Germany, including many children. By 1938, the
Eindhoven community was the largest in North Brabant.
During the early years of the Second World War, the Jewish
population of Eindhoven continued to grow, in part due to the
establishment of a special section for Jewish workers at the
Philips factory. The section was staffed by Jewish employees of
Philips transferred to Eindhoven from throughout the
Netherlands.
In September 1941, following the exclusion of
Jewish children from public schools, regional Jewish elementary and
trade schools were established in Eindhoven. Deportations of Jews
from the city commenced in August, 1942. Although the Jewish
workers at Philips at first were spared, they were deported to the
concentration camp at Vught in 1943 and were taken to Auschwitz
early in 1944.
Eindhoven, together with the entire southern part of the
Netherlands, was liberated by Allied troops in September of 1944.
In all, more than half of Eindhoven's pre-war Jewish population
survived the war. During the war, the synagogue was plundered by
the Germans and, soon after the liberation, was further damaged by
two bombs. In January, 1945 the Jewish Coordination Commission was
established in Eindhoven to represent Jewish interests to Dutch
authorities. The Commission moved to Amsterdam following the
liberation of the north of the Netherlands in May of 1945.
During the post-war period, Jewish life in Eindhoven was
reestablished. Today, a number of Jewish organizations and
organizations with ties to Israel are active in the city. The
damaged synagogue was razed and, in 1958, a new synagogue was
inaugurated in a residential building on the Hendrik Casimirstraat.
Eindhoven's Jewish cemetery is located near the corner of the De
Groenewoudseweg and Marconistraat. It was renovated in 1998 by the
organization 'Boete en Verzoening' (Penance and Reconciliation). In
1990, a monument commemorating the Jewish men, women, and children
of Eindhoven murdered during the war was unveiled on the Anne
Frankplantsoen.
Jewish population of Eindhoven and surroundings:
| 1809 | 186 |
| 1840 | 212 |
| 1869 | 274 |
| 1899 | 339 |
| 1930 | 431 |
| 1951 | 210 |
| 1971 | 164 |
| 1998 | 102 |
Collectie en mediatheek
Kandelaar
1800-1850
twee tinnen kandelaars met relief van loof aan de voet en onder aan de schacht.
Collectie > Museumstukken > 10909-01
meer treffers in Collectie > Museumstukken
Dossier
Dossiers (158) van de Commissie voor Oorlogsschade mbt 155 joodse
gemeentes (Amsterdam en mediene), 1945-1950.
Collectie > Documenten > 00005954
meer treffers in Collectie > Documenten
Groepsfoto
1934-06-30
Groepsportret tgv aanbieding plaquette HBS Eindhoven met oa Jacques Hartog, 1934.
Collectie > Fotos > 40000488
meer treffers in Collectie > Fotos
[Binnenland] : Amsterdam
1906
Verslag van de jaarvergadering van het hoofdbestuur met de commissie van toezicht
van de vereniging "Centr. Isr. Oude Mannen- en Vrouwenhuis" in Gouda.
Collectie > Joodse pers > 20060367
meer treffers in Collectie > Joodse pers
Verborgen in Brabantse bodem : Joodse begraafplaatsen in Noord-Brabant
2002
Verborgen in Brabantse bodem : Joodse begraafplaatsen in Noord-Brabant.
Collectie > Literatuur > 12009668
meer treffers in Collectie > Literatuur
Dokumentaire over de SOBU-afdeling bij Philips waar tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog...
1984
titel, Dokumentaire over de SOBU-afdeling bij Philips waar tijdens de Tweede
Wereldoorlog joodse werknemers te werk waren gesteld. ...
Collectie > Audiovisueel > 10000011
