Zutphen
Jews had settled in Zutphen as early as the 1330s. Most likely,
they had been attracted to the town because of its role at the time
as an important commercial center. The persecution of Jews
following the plague epidemic of 1348-1349 put an end to Jewish
settlement in Zutphen. Except for the brief presence of a single
Jewish doctor who resided in Zutphen from 1567 until 1569, there is
no mention of Jews having lived in the town until 1796; although
Jewish vendors had been permitted to sell their wares at local
annual fairs.
Following the emancipation of Jews in 1796, a sizable Jewish
community quickly developed at Zutphen. Most of the Jews to first
settle in the town came from German. A Jewish cemetery was
established in 1797 on a leased plot of land in the Hooge West
neighborhood on the road to the settlement of Vierakker. The
cemetery was expanded in 1883 and finally purchased by the
community in 1896. The Zutphen community's first synagogue was
located in the Nieuwstad neighborhood near the Eekmolen. The
synagogue was consecrated in 1797.
In the early days of the Zutphen community most of its members were
poor; the majority of Jewish bread winners worked as traders or
butchers. As the community continued to grow, a new synagogue was
required. Due to a lack of funds, construction of the new house of
worship was not completed until 1815. The new synagogue was located
in the Rosmolensteeg. It remained in use until the opening of the
synagogue on the Dieserstraat in 1879.
The
Jewish community at Zutphen was governed by a community council
consisting of nine members plus a treasurer for the collection and
disbursement of funds in support of the Jewish community in Eretz
Israel. Voluntary organizations included a burial society, a Torah
study fellowship, a women's society for the organization of
lectures and seminars, a women's organization for the maintenance
of the furnishings of the synagogue, and societies for aiding the
poor, the disabled, and orphans. The Jewish children of Zutphen
received religious education at the community's Jewish
school.
A fellowship for supporting Jewish settlement in Palestine existed
in Zutphen in 1908. The Maatschappij tot Nut der Israëlieten in
Nederland maintained a local branch at Zutphen. During the 1930s,
Zionist organizations and Zionist youth movements also were active
in the town.
Unlike many other Jewish communities in the Netherlands, the
community at Zutphen did not substantially decline in size during
the first third of the 20th century. During the 1930s, the arrival
of several dozen Jewish refugees from German at Zutphen even led to
a slight increase in the number of Jews living in the town.
During the World War II German occupation of the Netherlands, the
Jews of Zutphen was subject to the same anti-Jewish measures as
elsewhere in the country. Early in the war, a Jewish member was
expelled from the town council and Jewish children were excluded
from public education. A separate Jewish elementary school was
established in Zutphen in September 1941. Deportation of Jews from
Zutphen to the detention and transit camp at Westerbork commenced
in November 1942 and continued until April 1943. From that point
on, there were no more Jews in Zutphen; those who had not been
deported had gone into hiding. Almost all of those who were
deported were murdered in Nazi death camps.
The Zutphen synagogue was plundered by Dutch locals in 1944 and its
interior destroyed. Fortunately, the synagogue's Torah scrolls had
been hidden in advance and thus came through the war unharmed. Also
in 1944, members of the Dutch collaborationist NSB party vandalized
the local Jewish cemetery; many gravestones were pulled from the
ground and removed from the cemetery.
Jewish life was reestablished at Zutphen after the war. A monument
to the murdered Jews of Zutphen was erected in the Jewish cemetery
in 1949. The synagogue building on the Dieserstraat was sold in
1948. Between 1954 and 1985, the Zutphen community gathered to pray
in a home on the Coehoornsingel. The former Dieserstraat synagogue
was restored in 1985. The upper floor of the building is now being
used for synagogue services on special occasions. The original
collection of silver ceremonial objects that once belonged to the
synagogue was restored in 2004 on the occasion of the building's
125th anniversary. The Jewish cemetery at Zutphen presently is
maintained by the municipality.
In 2000, the Jewish communities of Apeldoorn, Deventer, and Zutphen united to
form the Joodse Gemeente Stedendriehoek (Urban Triangle Jewish
Community). The Jews of Zutphen played a central role in the
creation of the new community.
.
Jewish population in Zutphen:
| 1798 | 53 |
| 1809 | 103 |
| 1840 | 411 |
| 1869 | 448 |
| 1899 | 604 |
| 1930 | 532 |
| 1951 | 79 |
| 1971 | 43 |
| 1998 | 32 |
Collectie en mediatheek
[aanwezigen 13de NVV-congres]
1926
Portretten van Jan v. Zutphen (en profile nl), Stenhuis (ter halve lijve staand,
en profile nl), Sussenbach en de Roode (en profile nr), Henri Polak (en 3/4 nr) ...
Collectie > Museumstukken > 05665
meer treffers in Collectie > Museumstukken
Dossier
Dossiers (158) van de Commissie voor Oorlogsschade mbt 155 joodse
gemeentes (Amsterdam en mediene), 1945-1950.
Collectie > Documenten > B0005954
meer treffers in Collectie > Documenten
Groepsfoto
1911 (ca.)
Groepsfoto van het ANDB-bestuur bij het Wertheimpark, circa 1911.
Collectie > Fotos > 40000522
meer treffers in Collectie > Fotos
[Binnenland] : Benoemingen
Benoemingen door de Permanente Commissie in diverse schoolbesturen.
Collectie > Joodse pers > 20031865
meer treffers in Collectie > Joodse pers
Joodse oorlogsmonumenten in de provincie Gelderland : alsmede algemene...
2005
Joodse oorlogsmonumenten in de provincie Gelderland : alsmede algemene
oorlogsmonumenten waarop joodse namen voorkomen.
Collectie > Literatuur > 12013463
meer treffers in Collectie > Literatuur
Zonnestraal, drempels tussen lucht en aarde
Documentaire over het voormalige tbc-sanatorium Zonnestraal te Hilversum.
Collectie > Audiovisueel > 40000729
