Tiel
Jews had lived in Tiel during the Middle Ages. At the end of the
16th century, Jews were expelled from the town on the order of the
Spanish governor. During the mid-17th century a single Jewish
family arrived in Tiel anew; the family converted to Christianity
in 1719. As the 18th century progressed, more Jewish families
arrived in Tiel. The Jews of Tiel organized themselves into a
community sometime around the outset of the 19th century.
In its
early years, the Tiel community prayed in a number of rented rooms,
one of which was located on the Westluidensestraat. An actual
synagogue was consecrated in 1839 in an available space in the St.
Agnietenstraat in the former cloister of St.
Agnietenklooster.
The Tiel community purchased ground for a cemetery in the Zandwijk
quarter of the town in 1828. Prior to then, the Jews of Tiel had
buried their dead in nearby Culemborg and Buren. A second cemetery, located
just behind the earlier one, was established in 1877.
The children of the Tiel community received private religious
education. A school for the poor was established in 1841 and
provided with a new schoolhouse 10 years later. The community was
governed by a board and council. Voluntary organizations included a
burial society, a fellowship for study of the Talmud, a charitable
organization, a society for aiding the sick, and a society for the
maintenance of the synagogue. For a time, the Tiel community also
boasted a Jewish literary club.
The Jewish community at Tiel grew rapidly during the first half of
the 19th century in pace with the overall economic development of
the town. Soon, the Tiel community emerged as one of the largest in
the province of Gelderland. By the outset of the 20th century,
however, the Jewish population of Tiel began to decline. As World
War II approached, the Tiel community had shrunk to a quarter of
the maximum size it had reached during the mid-19th century.
During World War II, under the German occupation, the same
anti-Jewish measures were enforced in Tiel as elsewhere in the
Netherlands. Local non-Jews protested such measures several times.
Regardless, approximately half the Jews of Tiel were deported and
murdered. The rest manage to survive the war in hiding. The
synagogue was vandalized by the Germans during the war and used as
a storage house. Most of the synagogue's Torah scrolls were saved
and after the war were presented to the Jewish community at Arnhem.
The synagogue building was sold during the postwar years and in
1976 was converted into a mosque. Several specifically Jewish
decorative elements from the building were transferred to the
regional museum De Groote Sociëteit in Tiel. A monument inscribed
with the names of the Jews of Tiel murdered during the war was
erected in the Jewish cemetery in 1950. The Jewish community at
Tiel was formally disbanded in 1987 and merged into the community
at Arnhem. A street named Het Jodenstraatje (The Jew's Street) in
the center of Tiel recalls the once substantial Jewish presence in
the town.
Ophemert
During the 19th century several Jewish families resided in nearby
Ophemert. At first, the Jews of Ophemert prayed in private home and
later, from 1875 until 1920, in a synagogue located on the dike
along the river Waal. The small community maintained a women's
society that cared for the interior of the synagogue.
Geldermalsen
A private Jewish cemetery in Geldermalsen, dating from 1885, was
assigned to the Tiel community in 1935. The cemetery is now
maintained by the local authorities in Geldermalsen.
Jewish population of Tiel:
| 1809 | 173 |
| 1840 | 304 |
| 1869 | 386 |
| 1899 | 210 |
| 1930 | 75 |
| 1951 | 23 |
| 1971 | 17 |
Collectie en mediatheek
Fotoalbum
Twee losbladige fotoalbums met 148 kleurenfoto's van joodse
begraafplaatsen in Nederland, jaren '80.
Collectie > Fotos > 40006664
meer treffers in Collectie > Fotos
Dossier
Dossiers (158) van de Commissie voor Oorlogsschade mbt 155 joodse
gemeentes (Amsterdam en mediene), 1945-1950.
Collectie > Documenten > 00005954
meer treffers in Collectie > Documenten
[Gezicht op Tiel]
1930
Gezicht - vanaf een balkon - op een kerk en de achtertuinen van een aantal huizen.
In de tuinen een enkele boom. Rechts in de voorstelling hangt wasgoed te drogen ...
Collectie > Museumstukken > 11462
meer treffers in Collectie > Museumstukken
[Binnenlandse berichten (3)] : Arnhem
1906
Verslag van de viering van het tienjarig bestaan van de vereniging "Mekor Chajiem"./
De heer JM Wolff is gekozen tot voorzitter van de Isr. gemeenten en van het ...
Collectie > Joodse pers > 20000277
meer treffers in Collectie > Joodse pers
Joodse oorlogsmonumenten in de provincie Gelderland : alsmede algemene...
2005
Joodse oorlogsmonumenten in de provincie Gelderland : alsmede algemene
oorlogsmonumenten waarop joodse namen voorkomen.
Collectie > Literatuur > 12013463
