Groenlo
Jews first settled in Groenlo during the second half of the
seventeenth century, but it was not until a century later that an
organized Jewish community arose in the town. During the
administrative reorganization of the Jewish communities of the
Netherlands in 1814, the Groenlo community, which formally included
that of nearby Lichtenvoorde, received the status of
Ringsynagoge (regional community). The Bijkerken
(local Jewish communities) at nearby Winterswijk en Aalten came under the aegis of the
Jewish community at Groenlo in 1862.
Religious services were held in a rented house during the early
years of Jewish settlement at Groenlo, Later, a generous donation
by King Louis Napoleon enabled the Groenlo community to construct a
synagogue of its own, located on the Noteboomstraat. In 1822, the
community built a new synagogue on the Schoolstraat. The
Schoolstraat synagogue was renovated in 1878 in an neo-Moorish
style.
Over the centuries, the Jews of Groenlo buried their dead at two
cemeteries. The first, located at Vragende just outside of the
village of Lichtenvoorde, was used by the Groenlo community until
1909. The second cemetery was located in a park on the Kanonswal in
Groenlo.
The
Groenlo community was headed by a directorate and council which
also appointed a treasurer for raising and distributing funds to
the Jewish community in Eretz Israel. Voluntary organizations
within the Groenlo community included a study fellowship and men's
and women's burial societies. The community also engaged a teacher
to provide religious education to its children. A school was
established early in the nineteenth century and a new schoolhouse
was constructed sometime during the 1860's. In the years that
followed, financial problems and conflicts within the community led
to a decline in the school's enrollment.
Between 1674 en 1895 the municipal lending bank at Groenlo was
controlled by Jewish leaseholders. Despite this, for much of the
community's history the majority of Jews in Groenlo were not well
off. Only during the second half of the nineteenth century did the
overall economic circumstances of the Jews of Groenlo improve.
Eventually, the Groenlo community emerged as one of the most
prosperous in the Netherlands. At the outset of the twentieth
century, the majority of Jews in Groenlo was active in the textile
business or the book trade or worked as dealers in livestock. Many
community members took part in public affairs and several were
active members of non-sectarian organizations. Regardless, the
Jewish population of Groenlo slowly declined over the course of the
late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries.
Under the German occupation of the Netherlands during the Second
World War the majority of the Jews of Groenlo were deported to Nazi
death camps in Poland and murdered. Almost a quarter of the Jews of
Groenlo, however, managed to escape deportation by going into
hiding. During the war, the Groenlo synagogue was used as a storage
place for the belongings of deported Jews. The building was sold
after the war and eventually was converted into a private
residence. The accoutrements of the synagogue were saved.
The Jewish community at Groenlo was officially dissolved in 1950
and placed within the administrative district of the community at
Borculo. After the Borculo community was itself
dissolved, Groenlo was placed under the administrative aegis of the
Jewish community at Winterswijk. A monument in memory of the
vanished Jewish community of Groenlo was unveiled in 1986. The
Jewish cemetery at Groenlo has been declared a national monument
and is maintained by the local municipality. In 2004, excavations
in a canal near the Beltrummerpoort in Groenlo unearthed
approximately fifteen Jewish amulets dating to the late-seventeenth
century.
Lichtenvoorde
The first mention of the presence of Jews at Lichtenvoorde dates to
1740. The Lichtenvoorde community was too small to conduct
religious services or to organize education for its children and
thus turned to the facilities of the Groenlo community to fulfill
these needs. The Jews of Lichtenvoorde did maintain a cemetery of
their own, located on the Kerkdijk in the nearby small settlement
of Vragende; as mentioned above, until 1909 the cemetery was also
used by the Jews of Groenlo. The last Jews of Lichtenvoorde were
deported and murdered during the Second World War; a dozen Jews
from elsewhere in the Netherlands who had attempted to hide at
Lichtenvoorde were eventually betrayed and came to share the same
fate of the local community. The Jewish cemetery at Vragende is
maintained by the local authorities.
Jewish population of Groenlo and surroundings:
| 1809 | 51 |
| 1840 | 116 |
| 1869 | 132 |
| 1899 | 123 |
| 1930 | 105 |
Collectie en mediatheek
Briefkaart
1892-12-07
Briefkaart aan Salomon Menco en zijn vrouw Ida (Stern) in
Lichtenvoorde van de zuster Salomon, Rachel, 1892.
Collectie > Documenten > 00011114
meer treffers in Collectie > Documenten
Fotoalbum
Twee losbladige fotoalbums met 148 kleurenfoto's van joodse
begraafplaatsen in Nederland, jaren '80.
Collectie > Fotos > 40006664
meer treffers in Collectie > Fotos
Amulet
voor 1700
Eenvoudig amulet met hebreeuwse tekst en oogje voor ketting of touwtje.
Collectie > Museumstukken > B2207
[Binnenland] : Benoemingen
Benoemingen door de Permanente Commissie in diverse schoolbesturen.
Collectie > Joodse pers > 20031865
meer treffers in Collectie > Joodse pers
Joodse oorlogsmonumenten in de provincie Gelderland : alsmede algemene...
2005
Joodse oorlogsmonumenten in de provincie Gelderland : alsmede algemene
oorlogsmonumenten waarop joodse namen voorkomen.
Collectie > Literatuur > 12013463
meer treffers in Collectie > Literatuur
Ik kom uit de mediene
titel, Ik kom uit de mediene. maker, Lindwer, Willy. gegevens, VIDEO, min. -
NIK: 1984-04-20. materiaal, video video U-matic. trefwoorden, ...
Collectie > Audiovisueel > 40000108
Ik kom uit de mediene [restmateriaal dl. 2]
Restmateriaal van de film van Willy Lindwer. Gesprekken met Krammer uit Groningen,
Van Coevorden uit Coevorden, Mendels uit Groenlo, Kropveld-Maas uit Aalten en ...
Collectie > Audiovisueel > 40000106
