Doesburg
There is evidence of the presence of Jews in Doesburg as early
as the Middle Ages. By the fifteenth century, the town contained a
street named Jodenstraat (Jews' Street). By 1639, the local lending
bank was operated by Jewish leaseholders and a small Jewish
community had begun to grow. Most of the Jews of Doesburg lived in
dire poverty. Early in the eighteenth century some were so hard
pressed as to join bands of roving robbers.
The granting of civil equality throughout the Netherlands in 1796
gave Jews the freedom to live where they wished. The city fathers
of Doesburg opposed this and, ultimately, the provincial
authorities were forced to intervene on behalf of Jews seeking to
settle in the town. This enabled the Doesburg community to grow.
Growth continued throughout the nineteenth century but,
nevertheless, the majority of the community remained direly poor.
For the most part, the Jews of Doesburg worked in the meat
industry, retail trade, and banking and lending. By the beginning
of the twentieth century, the Jewish population of Doesburg began
to decline.
Starting in the seventeenth century,
the Jews of Doesburg held religious services in a private home. In
1800, the community bought a building in the Torensteeg and
converted it into a synagogue. This building collapsed during a
storm in 1807. Soon after, the community purchased a second
building soon with support from the central consistory of Dutch
Jewry (NIK). In 1898, the community built a new synagogue
near the Martini Church and Doesburg's market square. The Doesburg
community maintained a religious school from the beginning of the
nineteenth century on.
Over the course of its history, the Doesburg community used three
cemeteries. The oldest dated to the seventeenth century and was
located near the Ooipoortwal. The community inaugurated a second
cemetery near the Veerpoortwal in 1723. By the outset of the
nineteenth century, the community had outgrown this cemetery and
obtained permission to annex adjacent ground. From 1856 on, the
community buried its dead in the Molenveld, in the garden of the
orphanage located just outside of the Meipoort. A burial society
was founded in 1896.
During the Second World War, the majority of Doesburg's Jewish
population was apprehended and deported during a series of raids in
1941 and 1942. A few local Jews were able to find hiding places but
none of the deported returned. During the war, the synagogue was
plundered by members of the Dutch National Socialist party, the
NSB. Despite this, some of the contents of the synagogue were
hidden and later reclaimed and are now exhibited in the Rooden
Tooren Museum for Doesburg and Surroundings. The synagogue building
itself was largely destroyed just prior to the end of the war when
the Germans blew up the tower of a neighboring church.
The Jewish community of Doesburg was formally disbanded in 1947
and administratively merged into that of Arnhem. What was left
of the synagogue building was razed in 1951. Over the years, all
three of the Jewish cemeteries have been cleared away. A plaque in
memory of Doesburg Jews murdered during the war was unveiled in the
city hall in 1985. In 2000, a plaque commemorating the destruction
of the synagogue in 1945 was unveiled in the Torensteeg near the
Martini Church.
Jewish population of Doesburg and surroundings:
| 1798 | 15 |
| 1809 | 39 |
| 1840 | 108 |
| 1869 | 103 |
| 1899 | 78 |
| 1930 | 41 |
Collectie en mediatheek
Dossier
Dossiers (158) van de Commissie voor Oorlogsschade mbt 155 joodse
gemeentes (Amsterdam en mediene), 1945-1950.
Collectie > Documenten > 00005954
meer treffers in Collectie > Documenten
GEBED VOOR HET VORSTELIJKE HUIS
1912-05-27
Gebed voor het koninklijk huis in het hebreeuws. Erboven het rijkswapen
waarin de leeuwen een torarol vasthouden ipv het schild.
Collectie > Museumstukken > 05546
Fotoalbum
1928-1937
Fotoalbum van Levie Khan, met foto's van zijn vrouw Reina, zijn ouders,
en vele andere personen en plaatsen, 1928-1937.
Collectie > Fotos > 40004918
Overzichtsfoto
1945 (ca.)
Foto van de ruïne van de synagoge te Doesburg, circa 1945.
Collectie > Fotos > 40010841
Joodse oorlogsmonumenten in de provincie Gelderland : alsmede algemene...
2005
Joodse oorlogsmonumenten in de provincie Gelderland : alsmede algemene
oorlogsmonumenten waarop joodse namen voorkomen.
Collectie > Literatuur > 12013463
meer treffers in Collectie > Literatuur
Centrale Commissie tot de Algemeene Zaken van het Ned. Isr. Kerkgenootschap.
Eerste deel van het verslag van een vergadering van de Centrale Commissie.
Collectie > Joodse pers > 20061545
meer treffers in Collectie > Joodse pers
De verdwenen mediene : het joodse leven in de provincie voor de Tweede Wereldoorlog
2003
Documentaire over het vooroorlogse dagelijkse joodse leven in diverse
Nederlandse provincies, de mediene. Met unieke archiefbeelden.
Collectie > Audiovisueel > 40001518
[opnamen t.b.v. film "de Verdwenen Mediene"]
2002
Ruw materiaal voor de film "de Verdwenen Mediene". Opnamen gemaakt in bejaardenhuis
Beth Joles, Haifa, Israel. Gesprekken met Bettie Cohen en Miep Wonder.
Collectie > Audiovisueel > 40001900
