Apeldoorn
The Jewish community of Apeldoorn is one of the Netherlands'
youngest. A small group of Jews of German origin arrived in
Apeldoorn only as late as the 1770s and were included as part of
the Jewish community of Deventer.
Beginning in 1855, the Jews of Apeldoorn held religious services
in a private house on the Loolaan. Following the arrival of a
greater number of Jewish families later in the nineteenth century,
a synagogue with adjoining classrooms and ritual bath was built on
the Paschlaan. A Jewish religious school was founded in
1890. With the establishment not long after of its own cemetery on
the Arnhemseweg, the Apeldoorn community came into its own and
achieved independence from the Deventer community.
Early in the twentieth century, two facilities were
opened in Apeldoorn to serve the mental healthcare needs of Dutch
Jewry. The first of these institutions, the Apeldoornse
Bosch or Central Israelite Institute for the Mentally Ill, was
established in 1909. This institution housed a synagogue of its
own. In 1925, the Paedagogium Achisomog for mentally
retarded Jewish children was opened. The establishment of the two
facilities contributed to steady growth of the Apeldoorn community,
this in contrast to most Jewish communities in the
Mediene, which tended to decline in size during the late
nineteenth century. The Apeldoorn community was also relatively
prosperous and had no poor members to support.
The growing Jewish population of Apeldoorn maintained a
flourishing communal life. Voluntary institutions included a
society for providing clothing for the patients of both newly
founded mental health institutions. Another society was dedicated
to brightening the lives of institutionalized children. The
community also maintained separate burial societies from men and
women. Cultural needs were serve by a theater club, literary
society, choral club, and an recreational society. Many Apeldoorn
Jews were also active members of the Netherlands Zionisten
Bond and Zionist Youth Federation.
In October of 1941, the 1,549 Jews
of Apeldoorn were forced to register with the authorities. Their
numbers the patients and staff of both institutions as well as
large number of refugees from Germany. In the very same month, far
earlier than in most of the rest of the Netherlands, the first
arrests and deportations of Apeldoorn Jews began. Early in January
1942, most of the remaining Jews in Apeldoorn were arrested and
incarcerated in the Apeldoornsche Bosch. On January 23,
1942, the last staff and patients of the two mental institutions -
children as well as adults - were deported. Almost all were
murdered in Auschwitz and Sobibor.
After the war, only 150 Jews returned to Apeldoorn, some from the
camps and some from hiding. The synagogue on the Paschlaan
had been set afire in 1941 and was heavily damaged. In the years
after the war, synagogue services and Jewish lessons for children
were held in private homes. In September 1947 a residence was
opened on the grounds of the former Apeldoornsche Bosch for 440
Jewish children, mostly from Rumenia, who had survived the war.
They left for Palestine a year later.
Achisomog was re-opened in 1946. A successor to the Central
Israelite Institute for the Mentally Ill was opened in the form of
The Sinai Clinic in Amersfoort in 1960.
In 1950, a monument to the murdered Jews of Apeldoorn was unveiled
in the city's Jewish cemetery. The synagogue on the Paschlaan was
rebuilt and re-consecrated in 1960 and today is open for prayer
during the Jewish high holidays of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. In
1988, municipal authorities took over the maintenance of the Jewish
cemetery. In 1990, a monument in memory of the deported patients
and staff of the Apeldoornsche Bosch by Dutch Jewish
artist Ralph Prins was installed in the Prinsenpark.
In 1954, the Jewish community of nearby Hattem was incorporated into the Apeldoorn
community. In 2000, the communities of Apeldoorn, Deventer, en Zutphen were united into a single community in
which the community of Zutphen plays the central role.
In front of the synagogue in the Paslaan a monument in remembrance
of the 592 Jews from Apeldoorn who didn't survive the Second World
War was reveiled in October 2005.
The Jewish population of Apeldoorn:
| 1809 | 13 |
| 1840 | 35 |
| 1869 | 23 |
| 1899 | 103 |
| 1930 | 1030 |
| 1951 | 112 |
| 1971 | 60 |
| 1998 | 24 |
Collectie en mediatheek
Dossier
Dossiers (158) van de Commissie voor Oorlogsschade mbt 155 joodse
gemeentes (Amsterdam en mediene), 1945-1950.
Collectie > Documenten > B0005954
meer treffers in Collectie > Documenten
Collectebus
object, collectebus. maker, Bekkers. materiaal, blik. plaats, Dordrecht & Nederland.
hoogte, 9.5. breedte, 7.9. diepte, 6.0. collectie, Joods Historisch ...
Collectie > Museumstukken > 05340
meer treffers in Collectie > Museumstukken
Groepsfoto
1934-04
foto's (2) van joodse palestina-pioniers, werkend op het land,
in voorbereiding op emigratie naar Palestina, 1934.
Collectie > Fotos > 40000101
meer treffers in Collectie > Fotos
Vergadering van de Centrale Commissie tot de Alg. Zaken van het Ned. Isr....
Eerste deel van het verslag van een vergadering van de Centrale Commissie tot de
Alg. Zaken van het Ned. Isr. Kerkgenootschap die plaatshad in de vergaderzaal aan ...
Collectie > Joodse pers > 20065733
meer treffers in Collectie > Joodse pers
Joodse oorlogsmonumenten in de provincie Gelderland : alsmede algemene...
2005
Joodse oorlogsmonumenten in de provincie Gelderland : alsmede algemene
oorlogsmonumenten waarop joodse namen voorkomen.
Collectie > Literatuur > 12013463
