Harlingen
The first Jew to settle in Harlingen arrived at the end of the
seventeenth century. In the eighteenth century, the number of Jews
that achieved full citizenship in the town grew to twenty. Jews who
settled in Harlingen came from many places; most worked as traders,
street vendors, or ritual slaughterers.
By the
1760's, an organized Jewish community had come into being and
religious services were being held regularly, at first in a private
residence and later in the attic of a warehouse. An actual
synagogue, located in the Raamstraat, was consecrated in 1812.
Charity and aid to the poor were provided by the community.
Surviving gravestone inscriptions suggest that the Jewish cemetery,
located on the Willemskade near the town walls, was established in
the middle of the eighteenth century.
Following the implementation of full civil equality for the Jews of
the Netherlands under Napoleonic rule and the simultaneous economic
blossoming of Harlingen, the Jewish population of the town rose.
Beginning in 1830, the Jews of nearby Franeker fell under the aegis of
the Harlingen community. Eventually, Harlingen Jews began to take
an active part in the town's public life, although none ever rose
to serve on the town council. During the nineteenth century, the
Harlingen community maintained a Jewish school, a burial society, a
women's society, and a branch of the Alliance Israélite
Universelle. The community's synagogue council consisted of
five members, one of whom also served as chairman of a society that
collected money to provide relief to Jews living in Eretz
Israel.
The Harlingen synagogue was restored and expanded in 1877 and again
in 1897. The old cemetery on the Willemskade was closed in 1870.
Thereafter, the community made use of a separate section of
Harlingen's public cemetery located near the water tower on the
present-day Begraafplaatslaan; the section was expanded in
1909.
At the
outset of the twentieth century, the majority of the Jews of
Harlingen made their livings in trade, the meat industry, or as
brush makers or cigar makers. Despite the relative prosperity of
Harlingen Jews, the Jewish population of the town fell during the
early years of the twentieth century due to the general trend of
Jewish migration from the smaller towns to the larger cities of the
Netherlands. Nevertheless, during the same period, the Harlingen
community founded a new women's society and a theater
society.
In 1942 and 1943, during the middle of the Second World War, all
the Jews of Harlingen were deported and subsequently murdered in
Nazi death camps. The synagogue was destroyed during a bombardment
but the Torah scrolls, which had been hidden, were recovered after
the war and sent to Israel. The Jewish community of Harlingen was
officially dissolved in 1947 and administratively merged into that
of Leeuwarden. The old cemetery on the Willemskade was cleared away
in 1953. The contents of its graves were exhumed and interred at
the the cemetery on the Begraafplaatslaan. A memorial stone at the
Begraafplaatslaan cemetery commemorates Harlingen Jews
murdered during the war. The dead are also commemorated in a
memorial plaque in the Raamstraat at the site of the former
synagogue. The Begraafplaatslaan cemetery is currently maintained
by the local authorities.
Terschelling
During the nineteenth century, a number of Jews lived on the North
Sea island of Terschelling; they left the island at the end of the
century.
Jewish population in Harlingen:
| 1796 | 83 |
| 1809 | 88 |
| 1840 | 195 |
| 1869 | 356 |
| 1899 | 216 |
| 1930 | 56 |
Collectie en mediatheek
Fotoalbum
Twee losbladige fotoalbums met 148 kleurenfoto's van joodse
begraafplaatsen in Nederland, jaren '80.
Collectie > Fotos > 40006664
meer treffers in Collectie > Fotos
Dossier
Dossiers (158) van de Commissie voor Oorlogsschade mbt 155 joodse
gemeentes (Amsterdam en mediene), 1945-1950.
Collectie > Documenten > 00005954
meer treffers in Collectie > Documenten
Kidoesjbeker
1885 (ca.)
object, kidoesjbeker. maker, anoniem. materiaal, metaal & zilver. datering, 1885
(ca.). plaats, Nederland. hoogte, 10.9. diepte, ø 7.3. collectie, Joods Historisch ...
Collectie > Museumstukken > 08392
meer treffers in Collectie > Museumstukken
[Binnenland] : Benoemingen
Benoemingen door de Permanente Commissie in diverse schoolbesturen.
Collectie > Joodse pers > 20031865
meer treffers in Collectie > Joodse pers
Alfabetisch register op de collectie Brilleman van de begraafplaatsen der Nederlands...
1991
Alfabetisch register op de collectie Brilleman van de begraafplaatsen der Nederlands
Israelietische Gemeenten in de Mediene Friesland = index graveyards Friesland ...
Collectie > Literatuur > 11508649
